WHAT IS AUD?

Common signs that alcohol may be becoming a problem include:

• Drinking more than planned or for longer than intended

• Unsuccessful attempts to cut down or stop drinking

• Strong cravings or urges to drink

• Spending a lot of time drinking, obtaining alcohol, or recovering from it

• Needing more alcohol to feel the same effect (tolerance)

• Feeling shaky, sick, or anxious when not drinking (withdrawal)

• Drinking even when it causes health, relationship, or work problems

• Giving up hobbies or activities because of drinking

• Drinking in unsafe situations, such as driving or operating machinery

• Denying or minimizing the impact of drinking despite consequences

Sources: Cleveland Clinic; Mayo Clinic; Healthline

It’s difficult to predict who will develop Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). Alcohol addiction is shaped by a mix of internal and external factors, and some people may be at greater risk than others.

Mental Health (Internal) – Stress, emotions, and coping styles can influence alcohol use. Conditions such as depression, anxiety, or PTSD increase the risk of drinking as a way to cope.

Genetics (Internal) – Family traits, brain chemistry, and overall health can make some people more vulnerable. Genetics, personality, personal choices, and psychological components all play a role. Long-term heavy drinking can also rewire brain circuits tied to reward, decision-making, and impulse control.

Environmental (External) – Home life, culture, and the availability of alcohol can shape drinking habits. Trauma, abuse, or ongoing stress can raise the likelihood of misuse.

Social (External) – Relationships, peer pressure, and community expectations may encourage or discourage drinking. Media portrayals that glamorize alcohol use can also contribute. Religion and cultural influences often affect attitudes toward alcohol as well.

Sources: Mayo Clinic; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA); Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)

Physical Health: Liver disease (e.g., cirrhosis), cardiovascular problems, pancreatitis, weakened immune system, digestive issues, and increased risk of several cancers.

Mental and Cognitive Health: Depression, anxiety, memory problems, difficulty with decision-making, and a higher risk of dementia or cognitive decline. Increased risk of suicide is also associated with long-term misuse.

Social Impact: Strained relationships, job loss, financial difficulties, and legal issues. These challenges often add stress that can worsen both physical and mental health.

Long-term effects may develop slowly and can be permanent, but treatment and recovery can reduce risks and improve health over time.

Sources: Mayo Clinic; Cleveland Clinic; NIAAA